C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现
用C#写个简单的串口通信工具
串口介绍
串行接口简称串口，也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口（通常指COM接口），是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口。（至于再详细，自己百度）
串口应用：
工业领域使用较多，比如:数据采集，设备控制等等，好多都是用串口通信来实现！你要是细心的话，你会发现，目前家用国网智能电能表就具备RS485通信总线（串行总线的一种）与RS232可以相互转化（当然一般，非专业的谁也不会闲的蛋疼，趴电表上瞎看,最多也就看看走了多少度电）
RS232 DB9介绍：
1.示意图
2.针脚介绍：
载波检测(DCD)
接受数据(RXD)
发出数据(TXD)
数据终端准备好(DTR)
信号地线(SG)
数据准备好(DSR)
请求发送(RTS)
清除发送(CTS)
振铃指示(RI)
3.实物图：
以下是我购买XX公司的一个usb转串口线：这个头就是一个公头，另一端是一个usb口
1.开启程序
2.发送一行字符串HelloBenXH，直接将针脚的发送和接收链接起来就可以测试了（针脚2 接受数据(RXD) 和3 发出数据(TXD)）直接链接,
C#代码实现：采用SerialPort
1.实例化一个SerialPort
private SerialPort ComDevice = new SerialPort();2.初始化参数绑定接收数据事件
public void init()
{
btnSend.Enabled = false;
cbbComList.Items.AddRange(SerialPort.GetPortNames());
if (cbbComList.Items.Count > 0)
{
cbbComList.SelectedIndex = 0;
}
cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 5;
cbbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
cbbParity.SelectedIndex = 0;
cbbStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red;
ComDevice.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Com_DataReceived);//绑定事件
}3.打开串口button事件
/// <summary>
/// 打开串口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (cbbComList.Items.Count <= 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("没有发现串口,请检查线路！");
return;
}
if (ComDevice.IsOpen == false)
{
ComDevice.PortName = cbbComList.SelectedItem.ToString();
ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString());
ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)Convert.ToInt32(cbbParity.SelectedIndex.ToString());
ComDevice.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbbDataBits.SelectedItem.ToString());
ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)Convert.ToInt32(cbbStopBits.SelectedItem.ToString());
try
{
ComDevice.Open();
btnSend.Enabled = true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
return;
}
btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口";
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.green;
}
else
{
try
{
ComDevice.Close();
btnSend.Enabled = false;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
btnOpen.Text = "打开串口";
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red;
}
cbbComList.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
cbbBaudRate.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
cbbParity.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
cbbDataBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
cbbStopBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
}4.发送数据
/// <summary>
/// 发送数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
public bool SendData(byte[] data)
{
if (ComDevice.IsOpen)
{
try
{
ComDevice.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//发送数据
return true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("串口未打开", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送数据button事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
byte[] sendData = null;
if (rbtnSendHex.Checked)
{
sendData = strToHexByte(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
}
else if (rbtnSendASCII.Checked)
{
sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
}
else if (rbtnSendUTF8.Checked)
{
sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
}
else if (rbtnSendUnicode.Checked)
{
sendData = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
}
else
{
sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
}
if (this.SendData(sendData))//发送数据成功计数
{
lblSendCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
{
lblSendCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblSendCount.Text) + txtSendData.Text.Length).ToString();
}));
}
else
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 字符串转换16进制字节数组
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hexString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private byte[] strToHexByte(string hexString)
{
hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", "");
if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0)
hexString += " ";
byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++)
returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2).Replace(" ",""), 16);
return returnBytes;
}5.接收和数据输出
/// <summary>
/// 接收数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void Com_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
byte[] ReDatas = new byte[ComDevice.BytesToRead];
ComDevice.Read(ReDatas, 0, ReDatas.Length);//读取数据
this.AddData(ReDatas);//输出数据
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">字节数组</param>
public void AddData(byte[] data)
{
if (rbtnHex.Checked)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
{
sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}" + " ", data[i]);
}
AddContent(sb.ToString().ToUpper());
}
else if (rbtnASCII.Checked)
{
AddContent(new ASCIIEncoding().GetString(data));
}
else if (rbtnUTF8.Checked)
{
AddContent(new UTF8Encoding().GetString(data));
}
else if (rbtnUnicode.Checked)
{
AddContent(new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(data));
}
else
{}
lblRevCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
{
lblRevCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblRevCount.Text) + data.Length).ToString();
}));
}
/// <summary>
/// 输入到显示区域
/// </summary>
/// <param name="content"></param>
private void AddContent(string content)
{
this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
{
if(chkAutoLine.Checked && txtShowData.Text.Length>0)
{
txtShowData.AppendText("\r\n");
}
txtShowData.AppendText(content);
}));
}6.清空数据区域事件
/// <summary>
/// 清空接收区
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnClearRev_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
txtShowData.Clear();
}
/// <summary>
/// 清空发送区
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnClearSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
txtSendData.Clear();
}